石英晶体板非线性高频振动的拓展伽辽金法分析

针对考虑几何和材料非线性的石英晶体板厚度剪切振动和弯曲振动的方程组,利用扩展伽辽金法对该方程组进行转化和求解,分别获得了强烈耦合的厚度剪切振动模态和弯曲振动模态的频率响应关系,绘制了不同振幅比和不同驱动电压影响下的频率响应曲线图。数值计算结果表明可以选取石英晶片的最佳长厚比尺寸来避免两种模态的强烈耦合。驱动电压的变化将引起石英晶体谐振器厚度剪切振动频率的明显改变,必须将振动频率的漂移值控制在常用压电声波器件的允许值之内。扩展伽辽金法对石英晶体板非线性振动方程组的求解为非线性有限元分析和偏场效应分析奠定了基础。     

一种通过梯形PPMgLN波导倍频实现带宽可调谐光源的理论研究

本文设计了一种梯形的周期极化掺镁铌酸锂(PPMgLN)波导,并通过在传播方向上引入温度梯度来拓宽其倍频(SHG)过程的泵浦光源可接收带宽。通过有限差分的光束传输法,计算波导的有效折射率,并进行波导尺寸的设计。结果表明,通过改变梯形波导不同位置的温度,使其形成一个温度梯度,可拓宽泵浦光源的波长可接收带宽。本文所设计的PPMgLN波导最大泵浦光源可接收带宽为C波段,即1 530~1 565 nm,该波导可倍频C波段,得到输出波段带宽为765~782.5 nm,温度调谐范围为30~150 ℃。     

Evolution of electrical conductivity and semiconductor to metal transition of iron oxides at extreme conditions

Iron oxides are widely found as ores in Earth's crust and are also important constituents of its interiors. Their polymorphism, composition changes, and electronic structures play essential roles in controlling the structure and geodynamic properties of the solid Earth. While all-natural occurring iron oxides are semiconductors or insulators at ambient pressure, they start to metalize under pressure. Here in this work, we review the electronic conductivity and metallization of iron oxides under high-pressure conditions found in Earth's lower mantle. We summarize that the metallization of iron oxides is generally controlled by the pressure-induced bandgap closure near the Fermi level. After metallization, they possess much higher electrical and thermal conductivity, which will facilitate the thermal convection, support a more stable and thicker D^{$\prime\prime$} layer, and formulate Earth's magnetic field, all of which will constrain the large-scale dynamos of the mantle and core.     

介观电路中量子纠缠的经典对应

从量子力学诞生日起,它的经典对应(或类比)一直是物理学家关心的话题.本文以介观电路量子化的框架中,带有互感的两个介观电容-电感(LC)电路为例,首次讨论了量子纠缠的经典类比(或对应)问题.先用有序算符内的积分理论证明其互感是产生量子纠缠的源头;再推导出求解特征频率的公式,就发现它与一个经典系统的小振动频率的表达式有相似之处,该经典系统组成如下:两个墙壁各连一个相同的弹簧,两个弹簧之间接着一个滑动小车可以在光滑的桌面上运动,小车挂有一根单摆.用分析力学求此系统的小振动频率,发现与上述介观电路的特征频率形式类似,单摆的摆动会造成小车来回振动,摆、小车和弹簧的互相牵制效应反映了小车和摆的"纠缠".     

新型功能碳材料的高压截获

高性能功能材料在诸多领域具有广泛的应用前景,是人们一直关注的研究热点。高压可以有效地改变物质的原子间距和成键方式,是获得新型功能材料的重要途径。在碳材料的高压研究中,许多有趣的功能碳材料,如光学透明碳、高强度弹性碳和超硬非晶碳等,已经通过不同的碳前驱体合成。本文简要介绍了作者近年来在低维碳基纳米复合材料高压研究中取得的进展,基于设计的不同低维碳前驱体,高压下截获了具有超硬特性、新型压致共价聚合及发光增强的碳材料。     

基于抛光基材的热蒸镀铜箔生长高平整单层石墨烯薄膜

在石墨烯的化学气相沉积工艺中,铜箔是决定石墨烯薄膜质量的重要因素。传统铜箔由于制备工艺的限制,存在大量的缺陷,导致石墨烯薄膜的成核密度较高。本工作选用抛光铝板、抛光不锈钢板、微晶玻璃和SiO₂/Si作为基材,用热蒸镀法制备了不同粗糙度的铜箔,并详细讨论了以该系列铜箔生长高平整度石墨烯薄膜的条件及铜箔对石墨烯薄膜品质的影响。实验结果表明,铜箔以(111)取向为主,与基材分离后,表面具有纳米级平整度。在生长石墨烯后,从SiO₂/Si剥离的铜箔成核密度是4种基材中最小的。同时,从SiO₂/Si剥离的铜箔晶体结构变化最不明显,具有良好的结晶性,表面几乎不存在铜晶界缺陷。当压强为3 000 Pa,氢气和甲烷流速分别为300 mL/min和0.5 mL/min时,可以获得约1 mm横向尺寸的石墨烯单晶晶畴。     

Coupling nanoliter high‐performance liquid chromatography to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for arsenic speciation

Nanoliter high‐performance liquid chromatography shows low consumption of solvents and samples, offering one of the best choices for arsenic speciation in precious samples in combination with inuctively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. A systematic investigation on coupling nanoliter high‐performance liquid chromatography to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry from instrument design to injected sample volume and mobile phase was performed in this study. Nanoflow mobile phase was delivered by flow splitting using a conventional high‐pressure pump with reuse of mobile phase waste. Dead volume was minimized to 60 nL for the sheathless interface based on the previously developed nanonebulizer. Capillary columns for nanoliter high‐performance liquid chromatography were found to be sensitive to sample loading volume. An apparent difference was also found between the mobile phases for nanoliter and conventional high‐performance liquid chromatography. Baseline separation of arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsenic, and dimethylarsenic was achieved within 11 min on a 15 cm C₁₈ capillary column and within 12 min on a 25 cm strong anion exchange column. Detection limits of 0.9–1.8 μg/L were obtained with precisions variable in the range of 1.6–4.2%. A good agreement between determined and certified values of a certified reference material of human urine (GBW 09115) validated its accuracy along with good recoveries (87–102%).     

In Situ Electropolymerization Enables Ultrafast Long Cycle Life and High-Voltage Organic Cathodes for Lithium Batteries

Organic cathode materials have attracted extensive attention because of their diverse structures, facile synthesis, and environmental friendliness. However, they often suffer from insufficient cycling stability caused by the dissolution problem, poor rate performance, and low voltages. An in situ electropolymerization method was developed to stabilize and enhance organic cathodes for lithium batteries. 4,4′,4′′-Tris(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine (TCTA) was employed because carbazole groups can be polymerized under an electric field and they may serve as high-voltage redox-active centers. The electropolymerized TCTA electrodes demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance with a high discharge voltage of 3.95 V, ultrafast rate capability of 20 A g⁻¹, and a long cycle life of 5000 cycles. Our findings provide a new strategy to address the dissolution issue and they explore the molecular design of organic electrode materials for use in rechargeable batteries.     

Environmentally Stable Polymer Gels with Super Deformability and High Recoverability Enhanced by Sub‐5 nm Particles in the Nonvolatile Solvent

It remains challenging to satisfy the combined performances for hydrogels with excellent mechanical behavior, high deformability, and super recoverability under harsh environmental conditions. In this study, we first established a strong polymer network via the crosslinking of polymer chains on the surfaces of sub‐5‐nm calcium hydroxide nanospherulites in ethylene glycol solvent. The organic gel expressed excellent mechanical properties such as a recoverable compressive engineering stress of 249 MPa and an elongation stress of 402 KPa, which was attributed to the uniform nanosized crosslinking structure as characterized by SEM. Moreover, the nonvolatile solvent remained in the gel, meaning that the sample can resist a wide temperature range of ?56 to 100 °C without losing the elastic properties. This novel organic gel could provide promising routes to develop the ideal elastic carriers for wearable devices, smart skin sensors, and damping materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 713–721     

A MODAL TESTING METHOD FOR CANTILEVER BEAM1)

基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论得到悬臂梁自由振动的振型函数。通过数值计算得出实验用的悬臂梁前五阶振型的节点位置及其与梁长的比值。考虑传感器对悬臂梁固有频率的影响,建立梁-传感器模型进行仿真分析并得出悬臂梁前五阶固有频率。基于节点位置和测点位置,在实验中选择激励点。将具体实验的结果与梁-传感器仿真模型结果进行对比,通过前五阶固有频率的误差分析,发现仿真分析结果与实验结果误差最高为 1.3%。研究完整地叙述了悬臂梁的模态测试流程,可为工程技术人员的模态测试起一定的指导作用。